scala

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Objects in Scala

The main way to create an object in Sclaa is to instantiate a class, like in java.
There's also syntax to create objects right then and there
Objects are by default lazy—Never used => never created

Object example in Scala:

(creating unique account nums starting from 2100000 at various places in the relative app)

object Acconuts:
    private var accountNumber = 2100000
    def newUniqueAccNumber()=
    accountNumber += 1 
    accountNumber

Using objects in Scala:

Accounts.newUniqueAccNumber() // 2100001
Accounts.newUniqueAccNumber() // 2100002
Accounts.newUniqueAccNumber() // 2100003

Static Fields and Methods

In java, static variables and method sare shared by all instances of the class of which they belong
Scala does this same function using companion objcts

Static example in java:

public class Person{
    public static int numberOfPeople;
    
    public static int getNumOfPeople(){
        return Person.numberOfPeople;
    }
    
    public person(){
        numberOfPeople++;
    }
}

You see, this is pretty shit. Scala does this more elegantly

Static example in Scala using "companion objects"

companion objects are objects that have the same name as another class, and are defined in the same file

Companion object example:

Person class:

class person(val name: String):
    person.incrementNumPeople // constructor just calls incrememnt method on companion object

companion object for person class (is a replacement for static in java)

object Person:
    var numofPeople = 0
    private def incrmementNumPeople = numOfPeople =+ 1
    def conut = numOfPeople

usage:

var p1 = Person("Jake")
var p2 = Person("Yosra")
println(s"count: #{Person.count}") //outputs 2

Apply Method in Scala

vv important

Basic Example:

We can create objects like this:

val foo = new Foo

Treating foo like a function...

foo()

This should cause an error in Java, but not in Scala!!
Scala will look for an apply method to activate
if there's no apply, you'll get a syntax error

foo obj:

def foo:
    def apply() println(s"foo being foo")

Another example:

object Greet:
    def apply(val name: String) = 
        println(s"gm {name}")

proxying the companion object

class City(val name: String) //class

object City:                 //companion object
   def apply(name: String)
        new City(name)

New "city" object will appear if you change the following:

    City("dublin")

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